PhD, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, New Testament and Early Christianity, 1999 ThM, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, New Testament, 1995 MA, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, Church History, 1993 MA, Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago, Theology, 1992 BA, University of Damascus, Business and Management, 1990 BA, University of Aleppo, Civil Engineering, 1984 D.Th., St. Ephrem Theological Seminary, Lebanon, Theology and Literature, 1976